The forest ecosystems of Andalusia are essential element of Earth system, since they provide ecosystem services key to the development of human activity. It is essential to design mechanisms that allow active and adaptive management of natural resources. Only in this way biodiversity, may be preserved as required by international law. In the same way, the implementation of these management tools will allow a multifunctional use of forest resources, as well as the exploitation (beekeeping, livestock, etc.). All this must take into account global change scenarios that we will face in the coming decades. In this sense, it is essential to implement protocols of mitigation the impacts more negative (forest fires, pests, forest decay, etc.) and adaptation for future scenarios (climate change, socio-economic changes, changes of use of soil, etc.).]

The high proportion of Andalusia coast makes this region especially susceptible to the consequences of the expected increase in the medium and long term sea level, direct (flood of occupied areas) and indirect (effects on the current medium and high sections of the rivers, and associated ecosystems). Andalusian estuaries concentrated a large range of activities and unique natural areas that are affected at different levels. The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the Earth. It includes the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the Earth and is the home for many plants and animals. These changes in the medium and long term planning requires a joint understanding of natural processes, their effects, the possibility of reversible action, returns and their sustainability.

The atmosphere plays an important role in energy exchanges of the Earth system, and in that sense is essential to characterize the changes in its composition, which have a vital influence on the Earth’s climate. Thus changes in the ozone layer are behind the increase in ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface, and its unwanted effects on living beings in general and on human health in particular. A phenomenon that is especially shocking in a region as Andalusia, which to a great availability of sunlight throughout the year adding a large number of activities offer outdoor free within its tourist activity.