Service charter – University of Granada

Environmental fluid dynamics laboratory

 Service charter

• Tests in wind tunnel, including the execution of the test, data analysis and reporting:
  • • Velocimetry PIV V3V TSI particle image laser: allows you to describe not only the speed at a point if not in a whole area or volume measurement laser taking high-speed images of the illuminated beam flow. For trials in air and in water.
    • Laser doppler anemometry LDV TSI: this system is capable of measuring two components of velocity of air or water in which have been injecting micro-particles at a distance, without introducing any disturbance at the point of measurement.
    • Wire anemometry hot TSI: measured one, two or all three components of wind speed in a point with high precision allowing a good description of the turbulence. There are 6 probes of the hot wire, three of them simple, two doubles and a triple.
    • High speed camera for study of high-frequency vibrations, break the waves, bubbles, spray…
    • Multipoint pressure electronic measurement system: offers the possibility of measuring, simultaneously, through micro tubes housed in the models, the pressures on large number of points on the surface of the model. There are two systems of measurement of pressure.
    • For measurement of forces and moments load cells: located at the base of the model, allow to measure the forces and moments that wind load exerted on the structure. There are two cells of different measurement range.
    • Accelerometers and uniaxial load cells.
    • Three-dimensional automatic positioning system: with what is possible movement in three dimensions, controlled from the central computer of the described above systems.
    • Profiler doppler speed in water, that simultaneously measures the speed of the water in up to 2,000 points column.
    • Level sensors resistive and acoustic for the measurement of the free surface of the water.
    • Pressure sensors for the measurement of the pressure exerted by the waves on structures.
    • Zeiss for evaluation of motion of floating structures.
    • Acoustic Profiler Fund for evaluation of sediment movement.
    • System of monitoring of the movement of the docked vessel, including laser to analysis of the movement of forces on moorings and sensors of forces on defenses.
      • Studies of the response of the action of the wind on structures: buildings, bridges, cooling towers, covered stadiums for football, port cranes, solar panels…
      • Wind transport of sediments. Study of formation and movement of sand dunes.
      • Studies on wind energy systems.
      • Local winds in urban and natural topography studies. Urban climate – planning.
      • Dispersion and concentration of contaminants in the environment.
      • Studies on water systems.
      • Comfort of pedestrians.
      • Calibration of equipment.
      • Trials in channel, wave tank, including the execution of the test, data analysis and reporting:
      • Study of the response of structures against wave and current: breakwaters, jetties and piers, offshore platforms…
      • Study of wave energy systems.
      • Transport of sediments due to the waves and currents. Bar movement.
      • Study of response in a port area plant.
      • Analysis of the behavior of a docked ship.
      • Calibration of equipment.

      For this purpose there are, among others, with the following Instrumentation:

      • Velocimetry PIV V3V TSI particle image laser: allows you to describe not only the speed at a point if not in a whole area or volume measurement laser taking high-speed images of the illuminated beam flow. For trials in air and in water.
      • Laser doppler anemometry LDV TSI: this system is capable of measuring two components of velocity of air or water in which have been injecting micro-particles at a distance, without introducing any disturbance at the point of measurement.
      • Wire anemometry hot TSI: measured one, two or all three components of wind speed in a point with high precision allowing a good description of the turbulence. There are 6 probes of the hot wire, three of them simple, two doubles and a triple.
      • High speed camera for study of high-frequency vibrations, break the waves, bubbles, spray…
      • Multipoint pressure electronic measurement system: offers the possibility of measuring, simultaneously, through micro tubes housed in the models, the pressures on large number of points on the surface of the model. There are two systems of measurement of pressure.
      • For measurement of forces and moments load cells: located at the base of the model, allow to measure the forces and moments that wind load exerted on the structure. There are two cells of different measurement range.
      • Accelerometers and uniaxial load cells.
      • Three-dimensional automatic positioning system: with what is possible movement in three dimensions, controlled from the central computer of the described above systems.
      • Profiler doppler speed in water, that simultaneously measures the speed of the water in up to 2,000 points column.
      • Level sensors resistive and acoustic for the measurement of the free surface of the water.
      • Pressure sensors for the measurement of the pressure exerted by the waves on structures.
      • Zeiss for evaluation of motion of floating structures.
      • Acoustic Profiler Fund for evaluation of sediment movement.
      • System of monitoring of the movement of the docked vessel, including laser to analysis of the movement of forces on moorings and sensors of forces on defenses.

      Contact Person:

     

Terrestrial Ecology Laboratory

Service Charter CNS laboratory

ELEMENTAL Analyzer LECO CNS-TruSpec

-Basis

It provides the total content of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur present in a wide range of samples of organic and inorganic nature both solid and liquid. Analysis technique is based on complete and instantaneous combustion of the sample (direct Combustion method, DUMAS) in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at 950-1400 ° C. The C, N and S are transformed by this combustion to CO2, N2, and SO2. Subsequently these gases are carried by a carrier gas (He) to a few individual cells in infrared for CO2 and SO2 (ensures interference-free measurement since it is done at the same time that the combustion occurs). These gases are eliminated and the N2 is measured by differential heat conductivity. They are then processed taking into account the weight of the sample and the data obtained from a pattern. With this you get the percentage of each element to determine content in the sample.

-Applications

This equipment can be performed with analysis of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur with size macro sample, that is, with amounts of sample that can range between 50 mg and 500 mg approx., in a variety of organic substances of organic synthesis as samples, leaf, vegetables, soil, sludge, sludge, carbons, human or animal food products, animal feed, flour and liquids like beers , milk and its derivatives, juices, fertilizers, oils, etc.

Therefore the amount of sample that can be brought to the service cannot be greater than a team that requires microsample and also its homogenization doesn’t have to be so thorough. Analysis of solids and liquids, containing more than 200 ppm of these elements can be.

INORGANIC carbon analyzer CM5240 UIC, Inc. ´s

-Basis

Determines the content of total inorganic carbon (TIC) of solid samples. The team works with an acid solution that transforms all the inorganic carbon content in the sample in CO2. The generated carbon dioxide is transported by an inert gas to a coulometric detector where is quantified and is insensitive to organic carbon.

-Applications

This equipment can be used to measure the carbonates and bicarbonates in soils, rocks, sediments, coal, porcelains…

SHIMADZU TOC-VCSH TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON ANALYZER

-Basis

Determines the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in a sample solution or water, which the team performs as the difference between the total carbon and inorganic carbon. It is based on the principle of oxidation by catalytic combustion at 680 ° C. The sample is introduced through a system of injection to combustion tube where it is oxidized forming carbon dioxide which then passes through the detection of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cell. This sensor creates a signal forming a peak and then a processor calculates your area. This is related to a calibration performed previously with a standard dissolution curve and we get the total carbon.

Inorganic carbon is determined by acidifying the sample with which only carbonates and bicarbonates are transformed to CO2 which are then detected by the NDIR. The concentration of total organic carbon is determined by the difference between the total carbon and inorganic.

The total nitrogen is determined simultaneously to the total organic carbon. The sample is introduced and is thermally decomposed to nitrogen monoxide. This is detected by chemiluminescence which creates a signal forming a peak and then a processor calculates your area. This is related to a calibration performed previously with a standard dissolution curve and we get the total nitrogen.

-Applications

Analysis of TC, IC, TOC and TN can be in liquid samples (water, soil extracts,…).

Measuring range: 0 – 25000 mgL TC; 0-3000 mgL IC; 0-4000 mgL TN.

LECO TGA 701 THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYZER

-Basis

It determines by means of Thermogravimetry moisture, ash, LOI (loss on ignition) and volatile in organic, inorganic and synthetic samples. Using approved method AOAC, AACC, AOCS. Complies with regulation 21 CFR part 11 of the FDA. Excellent accuracy: scales built with resolution of 0.0001 g. delivery results once reached constant weight, avoiding re-moisturizing. The functions of four teams at the same time: furnace, muffle, balance and flow dryer.

• Temperature of work up to 1000 ° C.
• Selectable work atmospheres – N2, O2 or air.
• Sample size of 0.5 to 5 g.

-Applications

This equipment is used in food in general, meat, flour, fish, seeds, soils, sediments, catalysts, carbons etc.

There is also, among others, the following Instrumentation:

• 5 sensory devices Libelium. Network of sensors capable of measuring various environmental variables. They also have a small solar panel that provides autonomy.
• 10 sensory devices Ardusense (self-produced). It’s a sensory network designed by the members of the team and that allows you take data of temperature, humidity, light, etc., almost in real time.
• Camera to calculate the NDVI. This camera is designed to take periodic pictures of vegetation and quantify the activity of vegetation through the calculation of indices of vegetation (NDVI).

Contact Person:

Laboratory of Physics of the atmosphere

Service Charter

The laboratory of Physics of the atmosphere provides the following services:

• Measurement and analysis of atmospheric radiation, including realization of continuous measures in the station of the lists and specific campaigns with field instrumentation:
• Direct, diffuse, and global solar radiation with applications including the evaluation of the solar energy resource, evaluation of energy balance of ecosystems and buildings.
• Atmospheric thermal radiation, with applications including the evaluation of system of cooling by natural methods, evaluation of energy balance of ecosystems and buildings.
• Solar ultraviolet spectral radiation and UVB solar radiation with evaluation of the UVI index, with applications for the assessment of effects of UV radiation on the population and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
• Calibration of radiation measuring equipment.
• Remote sensing applied to the characterization of atmospheric particles and clouds, including realization of continuous measures in the accounting and station specific campaigns with field instrumentation:
• Measurement and analysis of the content of atmospheric particles in suspension in the atmospheric column using radiometers and photometers solar. Including the obtaining of microphysical and optical properties. Application to the evaluation of the quality of the air and solar energy resource management.
• Measurement and analysis of the vertical distribution of atmospheric particles in suspension in the atmospheric column using lidar systems. Including the obtaining of microphysical and optical properties. Application to the evaluation of the quality of the air and solar energy resource management.
• Measurement and analysis of vertical distribution of temperature and humidity with applications in the dispersion of contaminants atmospheric.
• Calibration of radiometers and photometers solar.
• Characterization of the air quality, including realization of continuous measures in the accounting and station specific campaigns with field instrumentation:
• Measurement and analysis of the concentration of airborne particles with sizes PM1, PM2.5, PM10 segregation.
• Sampling and chemical characterization of particles in suspension with segregation of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 sizes.
• Studies of air pollution analysis and attribution of sources of particles in suspension.
• Measurement and analysis of the size distribution of particles in suspension covering the range of nanometric particles and high-frequency.
• Measurement and analysis of optical effects of particles in suspension with climatic and environmental applications.
• Study and measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide and methane in terrestrial ecosystems through specific campaigns with field instrumentation:
• Studies of energy balance in terrestrial ecosystems.
• Study exchange of water vapor in terrestrial ecosystems.
• Analysis of sources and sinks of carbon dioxide.
• Measurement and characterization of exchanges of methane in terrestrial ecosystems.

For this purpose there are, among others, with the following Instrumentation:

• An integral nephelometer 3563 TSI: allows the measurement of the coefficient of total dispersion and ensonified of particles from the atmospheric aerosol in three wavelengths, 450, 550 and 700 nm.
• Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP, Thermo): allows the determination of the coefficient of absorption of particles from the atmospheric aerosol in 637 nm wavelength and the concentration of soot particles.
• Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP): this instrument allows the determination of the absorption coefficient of aerosols in three wavelengths, 467, 530 and 660 nm.
• Aethalometer (Magee Scientific): allows the measurement of the absorption coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol particles aerosols in seven wavelengths 370, 450, 571, 615, 660, 880 and 950 nm.
• Aerodynamic Particle size Spectrometer (APS 3321, TSI): this spectrometer allows to measure the size distribution of particles in the atmospheric aerosol in the range 0.5-20 μm.
• Sensors of high volume with PM10 and PM1 cuts: allow the determination of the mass concentration of particles suspended in the collection of samples on filters and Gravimetric determination in laboratory. Filters are subject to different chemical procedures for the mass concentrations of the major and trace elements.
• DustTrak DRX (TSI): allows simultaneous and measurement in real time of the mass concentration of particles in the PM1, PM2.5, respirable fraction, PM10 and TPM. This instrument combines a photometric measure that is proportional to the mass concentration and a measure of each individual pulse that determines the number of particles.
• Ultrafine Particle Monitor (UFP-3031, TSI): this instrument allows the determination of the numerical size distribution and concentration of fine and ultrafine particles in the range 20-450 nm on six channels of resolution (20-30, 30-50, 50-70, 70-100, 100-200 and 200 nm).

Contact Person: